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Human vs Arabian camel LastZ results

Human (Homo sapiens, GRCh38) and Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius, CamDro2) were aligned using the LastZ alignment algorithm (LastZ) in Ensembl release 99. Human was used as the reference species. After running LastZ, the raw LastZ alignment blocks were chained according to their location in both genomes. During the final netting process, the best sub-chain was chosen in each region on the reference species.

Configuration parameters

ParameterValue
Gap open penalty (O)400
Gap extend penalty (E)30
HSP threshold (K)3000
Threshold for gapped extension (L)3000
Threshold for alignments between gapped alignment blocks (H)2200
Seed and Transition value (T)1
Scoring matrix (Q)
Default:
     A    C    G    T
    91 -114  -31 -123
  -114  100 -125  -31
   -31 -125  100 -114
  -123  -31 -114   91

Chunking parameters

ParameterHumanArabian camel
Chunk size30,000,00010,100,000
Overlap0100,000
Group set size10,100,000
Masking options{default_soft_masking => 1}{default_soft_masking => 1}

Statistics over 1,840,544 alignment blocks

Genome coverage (bp) Coding exon coverage (bp)
Human

Uncovered: 1,556,271,558 out of 3,099,750,718
Covered: 1,543,479,160 out of 3,099,750,718

Uncovered: 1,657,908 out of 38,571,754
Matches: 31,765,558 out of 38,571,754
Mismatches: 4,701,752 out of 38,571,754
Insertions: 446,536 out of 38,571,754
Identity over aligned base-pairs: 86.1%

Arabian camel

Uncovered: 711,834,864 out of 2,154,386,959
Covered: 1,442,552,095 out of 2,154,386,959

Uncovered: 1,067,220 out of 32,075,927
Matches: 27,317,611 out of 32,075,927
Mismatches: 3,544,581 out of 32,075,927
Insertions: 146,515 out of 32,075,927
Identity over aligned base-pairs: 88.1%

Block size distribution

Size range All 1,840,544 alignment blocks Blocks grouped in nets
# blocks Total size (incl. gaps) # nets Total size (incl. gaps)
1 bp - 10 bp
62,149
423.2 kb
10 bp - 100 bp
236,029
11.0 Mb
17,644
1.2 Mb
100 bp - 1 kb
984,226
451.9 Mb
58,142
21.1 Mb
1 kb - 10 kb
556,570
1.2 Gb
19,462
49.1 Mb
10 kb - 100 kb
1,562
21.1 Mb
1,877
48.4 Mb
100 kb - 1 Mb
8
954.0 kb
227
57.5 Mb
1 Mb - 10 Mb
67
244.4 Mb
10 Mb - 100 Mb
44
1.2 Gb