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Human vs Polar bear LastZ results

Human (Homo sapiens, GRCh38) and Polar bear (Ursus maritimus, UrsMar_1.0) were aligned using the LastZ alignment algorithm (LastZ) in Ensembl release 95. Human was used as the reference species. After running LastZ, the raw LastZ alignment blocks were chained according to their location in both genomes. During the final netting process, the best sub-chain was chosen in each region on the reference species.

Configuration parameters

ParameterValue
Gap open penalty (O)400
Gap extend penalty (E)30
HSP threshold (K)3000
Threshold for gapped extension (L)3000
Threshold for alignments between gapped alignment blocks (H)2200
Seed and Transition value (T)1
Scoring matrix (Q)
Default:
     A    C    G    T
    91 -114  -31 -123
  -114  100 -125  -31
   -31 -125  100 -114
  -123  -31 -114   91

Chunking parameters

ParameterHumanPolar bear
Chunk size30,000,00010,100,000
Overlap0100,000
Group set size10,100,000
Masking options{default_soft_masking => 1}{default_soft_masking => 1}

Statistics over 2,160,979 alignment blocks

Genome coverage (bp) Coding exon coverage (bp)
Human

Uncovered: 1,456,258,691 out of 3,099,750,718
Covered: 1,643,492,027 out of 3,099,750,718

Uncovered: 1,746,981 out of 38,571,754
Matches: 29,898,671 out of 38,571,754
Mismatches: 6,460,155 out of 38,571,754
Insertions: 465,947 out of 38,571,754
Identity over aligned base-pairs: 81.2%

Polar bear

Uncovered: 764,622,728 out of 2,301,379,344
Covered: 1,536,756,616 out of 2,301,379,344

Uncovered: 1,223,020 out of 29,143,224
Matches: 24,399,665 out of 29,143,224
Mismatches: 3,339,724 out of 29,143,224
Insertions: 180,815 out of 29,143,224
Identity over aligned base-pairs: 87.4%

Block size distribution

Size range All 2,160,979 alignment blocks Blocks grouped in nets
# blocks Total size (incl. gaps) # nets Total size (incl. gaps)
1 bp - 10 bp
81,122
541.0 kb
10 bp - 100 bp
270,875
12.7 Mb
18,911
1.3 Mb
100 bp - 1 kb
1,232,687
558.4 Mb
59,498
21.3 Mb
1 kb - 10 kb
575,468
1.1 Gb
19,070
48.0 Mb
10 kb - 100 kb
820
11.1 Mb
1,683
40.7 Mb
100 kb - 1 Mb
7
817.1 kb
216
76.0 Mb
1 Mb - 10 Mb
215
769.1 Mb
10 Mb - 100 Mb
47
767.5 Mb